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And greater pregnancy rates were recorded in cows treated with GnRH than in those treated with ODB 60% [36 60] vs 36.5% [23 63], respectively; P 0.02 ; . Fullenwider et al21 compared the administration of ODB 1.0 mg ; 24 h after removal of IVP4 devices and GnRH 100 g gonadorelin ; at the time of AI 4854 h after removal of IVP4 devices ; in Bos indicus cross cows. These authors found no difference in pregnancy rates in nonlactating cows but greater pregnancy rates in lactating cows 4 years old treated with ODB compared to the cows treated with GnRH. No differences between the two treatment groups were recorded for lactating cows 3 years of age. Differences in the doses of GnRH used, timing of injection, breed, geographical location of studies, insemination strategies and managment of animals may have contributed to some of the variation in the pregnancy rates that were obtained in previous studies and the present study. The proportion of cows ovulating and the mean concentrations of progesterone 8 and 16 days after the expected day of oestrus did not differ following administration of ODB or GnRH. Variation in the ability of both ODB and GnRH to ovulate ovarian follicles can vary with the degree of maturity of follicles at the time of administration. Administration of ODB in the presence of ovarian follicles 10 mm in diameter has been associated with anovulatory oestrus in some cows and reduced concentrations of progesterone post ovulation.22, 23 Use of GnRH in dairy heifers has been associated with shorter interoestrus intervals and reduced pregnancy rates following a timed insemination compared with insemination following spontaneous oestrus.24 Other authors have reported a reduction in plasma concentrations of progesterone in cattle during the luteal phase following ovulation induced with a GnRH agonist compared to spontaneously occurring oestrus.25 The ability of both GnRH and ODB to induce ovulation and result in normal concentrations of progesterone in plasma at the subsequent luteal phase would most likely depend on the presence of a sufficiently mature dominant follicle that could be induced to ovulate in the presence of an endogenous surge of LH. The results of this study suggest that the synchronisation system used in lactating Holsteins resulted in a population of ovarian follicles, in a high proportion of cows, that could ovulate following administration of either ODB or GnRH and lead to similar concentrations of progesterone in plasma and acceptable fertility. The lower oestrous detection rate found in this study following treatment with GnRH is similar to that reported in other studies6 and is most likely related to the reduced production of oestradiol by dominant ovarian follicles. Lower concentrations of oestradiol and a reduced oestrous response has been reported in cattle treated with GnRH during pro-oestrus compared to saline-treated cattle experiencing spontaneous oestrus.25 The rise in concentrations of oestradiol observed during pro-oestrus is abruptly terminated by the surge release of LH, which can occur either spontaneously or following administration of GnRH.25, 26 Sudden termination of the synthesis of oestradiol by ovarian follicles during pro-oestrus in some cows would mean that threshold concentrations of oestradiol necessary to induce oestrous behaviour27 may not be reached and would explain the reduced oestrous response among cows treated with GnRH during pro-oestrus. The high oestrous detection rate following the use of ODB administered during pro-oestrous synchronised with IVP4 was also similar to that reported by others using a similar treatment.10, 12.
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Bringing values to life We aim to align our employees' actions to Bayer's corporate values and assess them accordingly. This is reflected in the following aspects of human resource policy among others: Management principles based on Bayer's values let our employees know what we expect of them. Performance management demands, supports and honors commercial success and the implementation of our values. Lifelong learning and human resources development allow us to recognize, evaluate and support the potential of our employees through seminars, job rotations and feedback
Point links by using multiple channels in one fibre in order to share the amplifier cost between more channels which lowers the cost per information unit. While WDM line systems alone support little in terms of networking functionality, the elements for WDM Optical Transport Networking are on the horizon. WDM line systems with a fixed wavelength add drop capability are being deployed, and optical network elements with nodal features, such as optical add drop multiplexers OADMs ; and optical crossconnects OXCs ; employing either electrical or optical switching matrices ; have been reported in laboratory and field trials. The ability of these WDM nodal elements to add, drop, and in effect construct optical channel routed networks allows for the manipulation of optical channels in WDM networks, just as time-slots are manipulated in TDM networks today. This ability to construct WDM networks with advanced features such as optical channel routing, is the intent of Optical Transport Networking. In next generation networks, transport functions will migrate from SONET SDH networks to optical transport networks, and will complement service layer features to satisfy the full range of infrastructure and service-specific requirements. The successful deployment of SDH resilient rings in transport networks to date and the well discussed attractive features of these architectures, pushed for the significant initial research on WDM rings realised by OADMs [3-6]. WDM rings are commonly regarded as a first step towards the all-optical transport network, and are expected to provide network operators with badly needed flexibility and large protected bandwidth capacity. WDM rings are expected to be the first architectures to realise optical transport networking and a WDM ring based transport network architecture is illustrated in figure 1. In this paper we will examine the requirement of wavelength conversion from OXCs and see how this requirement changes with network topology and traffic distribution. A wavelength conversion network assumes that any node can translate incoming paths from one wavelength to an outgoing path on another wavelength.
A typical 2-year-old, Jennifer suddenly began having seizures and was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis. Her parents noticed that her language and social development slowed dramatically. For the next 10 years, Jennifer received intensive language therapy and special education instruction. Now, at age 12, she still experiences three to four seizures per week. Although several years behind her peers academically and socially, Jennifer is a happy, well-liked girl who is involved in Girl Scouts, is an excellent swimmer, and plays the piano.
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Warranted. See WARNINGS. ; Cimetidine A study in six healthy volunteers has shown a significant increase in peak diltiazem plasma levels 58% ; and area-under-the-curve 53v ; after a 1-week course of cimetidine at 1200 mg per day and a single dose of diltiazem 60 mg. Ranitidine produced smaller, nonsignificant increases. The effect may be mediated by cimetidine s known inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P-450. the enzyme system responsible for the first-pass metabolism of diltiazem Patients currently receiving dilfiazem therapy should be carefully monitored for a change in pharmacological effect when initiating and discontinuing therapy with cimetidine. An adjustment in the diltiazem dose may be warranted. Digitalis Administration of CARDIZEM with digosin in 24 healthy niale sublects increased plasma digoxin concentrations approoimately Another investigator found no increase in digoxin levels in 12 patients with coronary artery disease Since there have been conflicting results regarding the effect of digoxin levels, it is recommended that digooin levels be monitored when initiating. adjusting. and discontinuing CARDIZEM therapy to avoid possible over- or underdigitalization ISee WARNINGS. ; Anesthetics. The depression of cardiac contractility. conductinily, and automaticity as well as the vascular dilation associated with anesthetics may be potentiated by calcium channel blockers When used concomitantly. anesthetics and calcium blockers should be titrated carefully Cyclosporine A pharmacokinetic interaction between diltiazem and cyctosporine has been observed during studies involving renal and cardiac transplant patients. In renal and cardiac transplant recipients, a reduction of cyclosporine dose ranging from 15 to 48% was necessary to maintain cyclosporine trough concentrations similar to those seen prior to the addition of diltiazem. If these agents are to be administered concurrently. cyclosporine concentrations should be monitored, especially when diltiazem therapy is initiated, adlusted. or discontinued The effect of cyclosporine on diltiazem plasma concentrations has not been evaluated. Carbamazepine. Concomitant administration of diltiazem with carbamazepine has been reported to result in elevated serum levels of carbamazepine ; 4O'. to 72 increase ; . resulting in toxicity in some cases Patients receiving these drugs concurrently should be monitored for a potential drug interaction. Carcinogenesis. Mutagenesis. Impairment of Fertility A 24-month study in rats at oral dosage levels of up to 100 org kg day and a 21-month study in mice at oral dosage levels of up to mg kg.day showed no evidence of carcinogenicity. There s'ias also no mutagenic response in vitro or in vivo in mammalian cell assays or in vitro in bacteria. No evidence of impaired fertility was observed in a study performed in male and female rats at oral dosages of up to 100 mg kg day Pregnancy Category C Reproduction studies have been conducted in mice. rats, and rabbits Administration of doses ranging from five to ten times greater on a mg kg basisl than the daily recom and cytarabine.
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Cortical gyrii, area 7a and the dorsal prelunate DP ; area Siegel and Read 1997b ; . The receptive fields of electrically recorded single neurons in monkeys for these regions often approach 60o in size, can be bilateral and at least those of area 7a are selective to navigational optic flow Motter and Mountcastle 1981; Read and Siegel 1997; Siegel and Read 1997a ; . The gain of the visual responses of inferior parietal lobule neurons is modulated by the position of the eye in the orbit and the monkey's behavioral state Bushnell et al. 1981b; Andersen et al. 1985; Read and Siegel 1997 ; . There has been no evidence from any measurements of single cells for a mapping of these properties across the inferior parietal lobule's surface in the behaving monkey Blatt et al. 1990; Andersen et al. 1990 ; . Anatomical projections between the inferior parietal lobule and the frontal and temporal lobes suggest that there may be topographies. The projections are patterned regions of interdigitated columns and regions of overlap Cavada and Goldman-Rakic 1989; Andersen et al. 1990; Lewis and Van Essen 2000 ; . When retrograde tracers are injected in two projective areas e.g. area 8 and 46 ; , stripes of overlapping cell bodies which can diverge are found in area 7a Andersen et al., 1990 ; . Such projection patterns elsewhere e.g. between V1 and V2 Ts'o et al. 2001 have been correlated with functional architectures and could indicate the presence of similar organizing principles in the inferior parietal lobule. Given the relatively small surface area of the cortical regions in the inferior parietal lobule and the large receptive and gain fields, the paucity of published electrophysiological mapping data may simply indicate that the orbital gain fields overlap substantially across the surface and have no topography. Alternatively the single unit methodology may be technically unable to unveil a functional architecture in chronic behaving monkey studies because there are substantial errors in the localization of electrode penetrations over the one or two years needed for recording Andersen et al. 1990; Siegel and Read 1997a ; . Another possibility is the relationship of gaze direction to cortical topography may be dynamic in ways that require large areas to be examined.
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Imply no extra gain in the therapeutic window by use of high-LET radiation, because the enhancement of therapeutic efficacy is similar to that of toxicity. Even so, there are potential advantages of using high-LET radiation, in that the dependency of hypoxia and cell cycle phase on cell survival is much smaller than that for low-LET radiation 26 ; . We previously studied the effect of 211At RIT on microscopic tumors of ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity 27 ; . Although clinically relevant, that model is not useful for RBE studies because of difficulties in observing tumor development and estimating the absorbed dose to tumor. The macroscopic subcutaneous tumor model used in this study makes it possible to quantify tumor GI and to correlate this quantity to absorbed dose. A therapeutic disadvantage of this model is the slow diffusion of the immunoconjugate into the macroscopic tumor. The maximum achievable absorbed dose to tumor is limited because of the moderate ratio of uptake in tumors to uptake in blood achieved during the time of irradiation 24 h ; . The slow diffusion in combination with the short particle range also may result in a heterogeneous dose distribution, reducing the overall tumor cell eradication effect. Although the microdistribution of doses within the tumors was not determined in this work, the tumors seemed to be macroscopically homogeneous at dissection, with no signs of necrosis. This finding was supported by the fact that when tumors were divided into peripheral and central parts, no significant differences in the uptake of the 211At-labeled antibody could be detected by -counting of these samples. Despite the fact that this study did not include any analysis of the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical compound at the cellular level, it seems reasonable to assume from our data that substantial amounts of the antibody complex did indeed reach the antigen target on tumor cells. Some of the complex also would have been in the vicinity of the cells while diffusing through the extracellular matrix or while present in the intratumoral capillaries. Taking into account and cytoxan.
ABSTRACT #186 IDIOPATHIC NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA IN CATS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY. ACG Abrams-Ogg1, RD Wood2, A Cheung1. 1. Department of Clinical Studies. 2. Department of Pathobiology. Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Our objective was to describe clinical and clinicopathologic features of cats with idiopathic non-generative anemia presented to the Ontario Veterinary College. An electronic record search was used to identify cats with anemia presented from January 1987 to August 2006. Initial inclusion criteria included non-regenerative anemia . 1 week duration, negative FeLV and FIV tests, and sufficient diagnostic evaluation to exclude hemorrhage and concurrent diseases that could cause anemia. Cases were excluded if there was evidence of renal failure, endocrinopathies, neoplasia, trauma, toxicoses or infections except for hemotropic Mycoplasma infections ; . Thirty-six cases were identified 44% male, 56% female; 83% mixed-breed, 17% purebred ; . Age at presentation was , 111 years, with 72% , 4 years. Historical signs included lethargy 92% ; or collapse 8% ; , 6 anorexia 89% 17% had pica. No initiating events were identified. Physical exam findings included pallor 100% ; , cardiac murmur 67% ; , tachypnea 55% ; , lymphadenopathy 22% ; , small oral cutaneous hemorrhages 11% ; and icterus 8% ; . Retinal hemorrhage 6 detachment anemic retinopathy ; was recorded in 7 cats. Cardiomegaly attributed to volume overload ; was seen on echocardiography and or radiography in 15 cats. Splenomegaly and renonegaly were identified on physical or ultrasound exam in 9 and 6 cats, respectively. On hemograms, nadir values mean 6 sd, range ; were: Hct L L ; 0.8 6 0.3, Platelets 3 109 L ; 109 6 134, Neutrophils 3 109 L ; 2.37 6 2.52, In addition to anemia, 67% had thrombocytopenia and 53% had neutropenia. Evidence of autoantibodies included positive ANA tests 7 16 cats ; , positive Coombs test 5 14 cats ; , and agglutination 17% ; . Erythropoietin levels were elevated in 4 cats. Bone marrow biopsies were available for review in 27 cats: diagnoses were ineffective erythropoiesis 11 ; , pure red cell aplasia 7 ; , and bilineage 3 ; or trilineage 6 ; aplastic anemia. Myeloid hyperplasia was initially interpreted as myeloid leukemia in 3 cats. All cats were cytologically negative for hemotropic Mycoplasma organisms; 16 were tested by PCR- 1 was positive for M. haemofelis and 2 for M. haemominutium. Cats were treated with prednisone dexamethasone, doxycycline, blood transfusions 6 cyclosporine and or cyclophosphamide chlorambucil. Duration of treatment ranged from 1 day to . 6 years. More recent cases had more aggressive immunosuppression. Eight cats were euthanised from day 156. Follow-up for 13 surviving cats was , 3 months. Follow-up on the remaining 15 cats is 1312329 days. One-to-six year survival is 68% by Kaplan-Meier estimate. In conclusion, idiopathic non-regenerative anemia appears to be an immune-mediated disorder with an increased prevalence in young cats, although the role of Mycoplasma infections in the disorder is not known. Concurrent thrombocytopenia or neutropenia is common. Long-term.
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Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide Wako ; , then homogenated with a Polytron homogenizer Kinematica AG, Littau, Switzerland ; . A portion of homogenate was centrifuged at 40000 g for 10 min, then supernatant was used for measurement of MPO activity and cytokine levels. Time course study after CLP challenge. Mice were divided into 2 groups, and treated with either CLP or a sham-operation n 4 ; . Mice were sacrificed 2, 4, 8 and 12 h after treatment, then blood, lung and peritoneal cavity was collected as described above. Acute and chronic administration of test compounds. JTE-607 - ; -ethyl N L-phenylalaninate dihydrochloride, 100 mg kg, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan ; , cyclosporine A 30 mg kg, Wako Pure Chemical Inc., Osaka, Japan ; , prednisolone 3 mg kg, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan ; and methylprednisolone 3 mg kg, Toyama Chemical, Tokyo, Japan ; were dissolved in 10 and dacarbazine.
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On the other hand, a few parents had some concerns with access. For example, one parent commented: "Dental care should be more available to the Healthy Kids program; a lot of dentists don't participate in Healthy Kids." In summary, while access is generally good, there seem to be several areas where access could be improved--for example, access to after hours appointments and dental care. The second wave of the client survey will provide an estimate of how access has improved for children after they enroll in Healthy Kids and daclizumab.
Figure 1. Analysis of the backcross mice. A ; PB-CFC values after 5 days of G-CSF injection. The histograms are the data of 165 males and 95 females bred from D2 and F1 mice and 122 males and 123 females bred from F1 and D2 mice binned by an interval of 0.6 colonies L. B ; Linkage analysis of PB-CFC values across the entire genome of both backcross cohorts. The 2 analysis measures the support for Mendelian inheritance ratios of 1: 2: each locus. Only high responders were used for the analysis. The dotted line depicts 32 males and 20 females bred from D2 and F1 mice and 24 males and 24 females bred from F1 and D2 mice. A threshold for suggestive linkage is shown by the dotted line. Chromosomes showing significant or suggestive linkage are indicated. C ; Phenotype of BXD RI strains using 2-3 mice from each strain is plotted as individual histograms. D ; Interval mapping on chromosome 11 using the BXD RI lines. This quantitative trait analysis was performed using the ln PB-CFC values MapManager QTb19ppc ; . The threshold for significant linkage is shown by the dotted line and cyclosporine.
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TABLE 7.6-2. Medical conditions Metabolic derangements Hyponatremia sodium deficiency less than 120 mEq L ; Hypernatremia high concentration of sodium greater than 150-155 mEq L ; Hypoglycemia low blood sugar - less than 40 mg dL ; Hyperglycemia excess sugar in the blood - greater than 400 mg dL ; Hyperosomolality bodily fluid with abnormally high osmolarity ; Hypocalcemia deficiency of calcium in the blood ; Respiratory alkalosis acute Drug-induced seizures Isoniazid, penicillins Theophylline, aminophylline Lidocaine Meperidine Ketamine, halothan, enflurane, methohexital Amitriptyline, maprotiline, imipramine, doxepin, fluoxetine Haloperidol, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine Ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, terbutaline Methotrexate, BCNU, asparaginase Cyclosporine Cocaine crack ; , phencyclidine, amphetamines Alcohol withdrawal ; Illnesses Eclampsia Hypertensive encephalopathy Liver failure Polyarteritis nodosa Porphyria Renal failure Sickle cell disease Syphilis Systemic lupus erythematosus Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Whipple's disease and dactinomycin.
Better gvhd prophylaxisregimens using cyclosporine neoral, sandimmune ; and short-course methotrexatehave improved outcome, and preparative regimens that minimize inflammatorydamage to normal tissue may also reduce the clinical effects of gvhd.
Three groups of recipient LEW rats were studied. Those in group 1 n 7 ; received heterotopic heart transplantations from LEW donors to assess the contribution of surgical manipulation and cyclosporine Sandimmune, Sandoz ; administration; those in groups 2 n 7 ; and 3 n 7 ; received heterotopic heart transplants from Brown-Norway donors; in addition, group 3 recipients received oral bosentan 20 mg kg per day ; through the gastrostomy tube for 120 consecutive days after transplantation. This oral dose has been demonstrated to block the action of pressor doses of intravenously injected big ET-1.17 The blocking effect of the oral dose 20 mg kg per day ; on exogenously administered ET-1 1 nmol kg ; was examined in a separate series of experiments described below, which showed that this dose produced significant block of both ETA P .0321 ; and ETB P .011 ; receptors and dalteparin.
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