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Prevention of Posterior Capsule Opacification for the Practical Surgeon Liliana Werner MD PhD Movement During Accommodation of Pseudophakic IOLs Does Not Explain the Clinical Aspect: An OCT Study Georges D Baikoff MD Theoretical Optical Performance of an Equal Conic IOL and Comparision to Spherical and Aspheric IOLs Edwin J Sarver PhD A Study of the ReSTOR, Crystalens and ReZoom Lenses in Patients Who Have Undergone Prior Refractive Surgery Renee Solomon MD Implantation of the AcrySof ReSTOR IOL: The Australian Experience . chael A Lawless MD Discussion of Papers David F Chang MD Absence of Retinal Detachment After Refractive LensExchange in an Emmetropic and Hyperopic Population Kevin Lee Waltz MD Refractive Lensectomy for High Bilateral Myopia in Children with Retinopathy of Prematurity ROP ; and Neurobehavioral Disorders Lawrence Tychsen MD High-Quality Vision After ReZoom Multifocal IOL Implantation . chael C Knorz MD Accommodating IOLs: Human Optics 1CU and C&C Vision AT-45: Four-Year Clinical Experience . guel A Zato MD PhD Discussion of Key Reports Parag A Majmudar MD.
Intracellular saquinavir trough concentrations were much higher 0.71 mg liter 1 ; , suggesting that cellular drug concentrations may be present when plasma drug levels are low. Saquinavir and ritonavir are both extensively protein bound in plasma 98% bound ; and predominantly attached to 1-acid glycoprotein 4 ; . Previous reports of intensive once-daily SQV r 1, 600 100 mg ; pharmacokinetic data sets demonstrate saquinavir t1 2s of 4.6 and 4.68 h and ritonavir t1 2s of 4.9 and 3.95 h in plasma Boffito et al., 43rd ICAAC, abstr. A-1612, and Autar et al., 9th Eur. Conf. Clin. Aspects Treatment HIV Infect., abstr. 4.1 1, respectively ; . This study illustrated similar results, with saquinavir and ritonavir t1 2s in plasma of 4.5 and 4.1 h, respectively, significantly shorter than the intracellular t1 2s of 5.9 and 6.2 h, respectively. In vitro, saquinavir exhibits a long intracellular t1 2, suggesting the possibility of the drug being trapped inside the cell or the existence of a greater affinity for influx transporters 29 ; . In addition, the accumulation ratio of both saquinavir and ritonavir increased over time Table 2 ; , suggesting the possibility that intracellular drug may be available at a time when plasma drug concentrations are below the MEC. It is possible that relatively higher intracellular accumulation of saquinavir at trough concentrations may allow greater forgiveness for missed or late doses. Thus, the intracellular penetration of PIs is clinically important, and an understanding of intracellular pharmacology may improve long-term therapy by reducing cellular resistance. Multidrug resistance transporters may play a role in reducing intracellular drug concentrations in a number of tissue and cellular compartments via an efflux mechanism, thus contributing to HIV sanctuary 16, 17 ; . In addition, P-gp is expressed on lymphocytes and is differentially expressed on the various subsets 23 ; , which may have an impact upon the cellular concentration of substrates. In this report, no relationship between lymphocyte subset P-gp expression and the intracellular drug accumulation of saquinavir and ritonavir was observed despite both drugs being substrates for the transporter. This result, in part, concurs with those of a previous study of a twice-daily SQV r regimen, which demonstrated no relationship between saquinavir accumulation and total P-gp expression but which did demonstrate a weak relationship between ritonavir accumulation and P-gp expression 28 ; . The difference between these results may reflect a difference in dosing, since the once-daily regimen achieves higher drug concentrations that may saturate P-gp. It is known that PIs are inhibitors of P-gp 30, 32, 34 ; , and therefore once-daily regimens with higher achieved concentrations may increase their own accumulation by reducing efflux. In summary, this paper describes the intracellular pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir in patients receiving a hard-gel formulation of SQV r 1, 600 100 mg ; administered once daily. Accumulation was unrelated to the lymphocyte surface expression of P-gp in this cohort of patients. Plasma drug concentrations were below the MEC; however, the intracellular pharmacokinetics of saquinavir and ritonavir were favorable, with greater cellular t1 2s and an increasing accumulation ratio over the dosage interval.
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1. Cardiello PG, van Heeswijk RP, Hassink EA, et al. Simplifying protease inhibitor therapy withonce-daily dosing of saquinavir soft-gelatin capsules ritonavir 1600 100 mg ; : HIVNAT 001.3 suy Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 2002; td. 29 5 ; : 464-470. 2. Cardiello P, Monhaphol T, Mahanontharit A, van Heeswijk RP, et al. Pharmacokinetics PK ; of once-daily saquinavir-hard gel caps and saquinavir-soft gel caps boosted with ritonavir in HIV-1 + Thai patients: HIV NAT001.4 substudy. 3rd International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of HIV Therapy, 11-13 April 2002, Washington DC. Abstract 1.2.
Table v: prediction of human maximum tolerated dose mtd ; for drugs with extrapolated ic90 values lying beyond the test concentration range.
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Although serum immunoglobulin E IgE ; concentration has been shown to be related to allergic disease in children and adults 1 ; , there have been few descriptive studies of IgE development in young children. Many studies have presented cross-sectional or hospital-based descriptive data on IgE in newborns, infants, and children 1-18 ; , but few studies have presented data on children followed longitudinally. Of the studies that have presented longitudinal data 1924 ; , many focused on selected populations of children, such as children at higher risk of developing allergic disease 19, 20, 22 ; , or did not include data by gender 23 ; . Only two longitudinal studies presented data on gender differences in IgE, but children under the age of 6 years were not included in one study 21 ; and the second only had IgE data at two points in time, birth and age 18 months 24 ; . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of total and allergen-specific IgE, by age and gender, in a large, prospectively and rituxan.
Where: , [0, 50 ; , with a Int n 100 ; and b Int n 100 x[i] is the observation in the i th position of a sequence ranging from the smallest to the largest of the elements of x; 50 T rim x ; is the median; and C , ; is a consistency coefficient. In this paper, we proposed a alternatives measures like the ones defined in 1 ; , using the elements 2 ; and 3 ; . From those measures, we will be demonstrate their main analytic properties and their good behavior in the presence of outliers.
In other words, if the virus has become resistant to indinavir, it will probably be resistant to saquinavir, ritonavir and nelfinavir and rms.
CASE ILLUSTRATION ITEMS 48 & 49 ; A pleasant, neat and mildly retarded woman with Down's syndrome develops memory problems and a personality change at age 35. Her memory and cognitive functions further deteriorated to a severe dementia. She becomes agitated and hostile, and neglects her appearance. Finally, she is mute and helpless. She dies at age 56 with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 48. At autopsy, histology that will confirm the diagnosis is A ; B ; 49. Beta amyloid plaques Psammoma bodies Neurofibrillary tangles Lewy bodies Necrosis of blood vessels.
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The growth of DMBA-induced rat mammary cancer, but tamoxifen is more effective dose for dose. Raloxifene has a short biological half-life, so a larger dose than used for tamoxifen is necessary for clinical testing17. Raloxifene maintains bone density in ovariectomized rats by reducing bone resorption32. The effects on bone in animals appear to be equivalent to oestrogen treatment, but without increases in uterine weight. Preliminary studies in 251 postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene 200 or 600 mg daily ; or premarin 0.625 mg daily ; shows a positive effect like oestrogen ; of raloxifene related to the osteoporotic markers 33 . Delmas et aP4 showed that raloxifene 60 and 120 mg daily ; increases bone density in the lumber spine and hip and raloxifene prevents fractures of the spine. Raloxifene and its analogues are effective and potent inhibitors of the growth of breast cancer cell in vitro, and also prevent mammary cancer in rats. Several different trials have been used to demonstrate the potential of raloxifene to prevent breast cancer. The largest trial, MORE Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation ; trial, is testing raloxifene 60 or 120 mg ; against a placebo in 7704 postmenopausal women who had osteoporosis and no history of breast or endometrial cancer. Three-year findings from the MORE trial demonstrated that raloxifene reduces the risk of breast cancer 70% ; and may decrease the risk of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women35. The second database includes 10, 553 women monitored for up to 3 years. The integrated data from these multiple double blind, randomized trials demonstrated that incident primary breast cancers are reduced 54% ; by raloxifene36"37. Raloxifene reduces the incidence of ER positive cancer and has no effect on the incidence of ER negative breast cancer. Overall, these preliminary clinical findings provide a rationale to test the worth of raloxifene to prevent breast cancer. The STAR Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene ; double-blind trial is recruiting 22, 000 postmenopausal women to either daily tamoxifen 20 mg orally ; or raloxifene 60 mg orally ; therapy for 5 years. The primary goal of the trial is to establish the relative effectiveness of raloxifene compared to tamoxifen treatment in preventing invasive breast cancer and to determine the overall impact of the drugs on bone, coronary heart disease and endometrial cancer. Raloxifene decreases total cholesterol because of a decline of LDL cholesterol38. The effectiveness of raloxifene in reducing heart attacks is currently being addressed in the RUTH Raloxifene Use for The Heart ; trial. This trial is testing raloxifene 60 mg ; against a placebo in 10, 000 women at high risk for coronary disease. The results will be available in 5 years and, in addition, there will be further data on the incidence of breast and endometrial cancers. Raloxifene has less oestrogenicity in the uterus than tamoxifen and in the laboratory raloxifene only increases the growth of human endometrial and robaxin.
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Tipranavir is used with ritonavir norvir® to treat hiv infection.
Metabolized via hydroxylation, some Effect of smoked marijuana and oral involvement of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2C6 tablets on indinavir or nelfinavir concentrations not clinically significant Metabolized via hydroxylation and CYP450, CYP2D6, and CYP1A2 Metabolized via CYP2D6 Ritonavir associated with meperidine AUC by 67% and normeperidine AUC by 47%. Ritonavir may precipitate lifethreatening toxicity when MDMA used concurrently None known None known and robitussin.
Table 5. Prospective evaluation of chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC Study ELVIS Gridelli et al. 22 ; Chemotherapy VNR VNR GEM GEM + VNR Fidias et al. 23 ; Hainsworth et al. 24 ; Ohe et al. 21 ; Berardi et al. 25 ; Maestu et al. 26 ; Present study PTX DTX CDDP + DTX CDDP + GEM CBDCA + GEM CBDCA + PTX 70 65 75 Age years ; 70 No. of patients 76 233 19.7 MST 28 weeks 36 weeks 28 weeks 30 weeks 10.3 months 5 months 15.8 months 9 months 9 months 12.3 months 49 weeks ; 1-year survival % ; 32 38 28.
As a consequence, ritonavir attenuates pdgf-dependent downstream events such as erk phosphorylation and cellular responses including vsmc proliferation and migration and rocephin.
H-1902 Correlation between Therapeutic Drug Monitoring TDM ; of Efavirenz EFV ; and Virological Response at Week 12 in HIV + Subjects Starting Once OD ; Daily Antiretroviral Therapy. D. MAITLAND1, M. BOFFITO1, S. MANDALIA1, S. GIBBONS2, D. BACK2, M. NELSON1, B. GAZZARD1, G. MOYLE1; 1Chelsea and Westminster Hosp., London, United Kingdom, 2Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Switch to Fosamprenavir ritonavir FPV r ; Based HAART in Experienced Patients with Virologic Failure on HAART ZEPHIR Study: Impact of Pharmacokinetics on Response at M3. D. BREILH1, 2, I. PELLEGRIN3, G. COURAUD2, J. GORDIEN1, D. LACOSTE4, J. PELLEGRIN1, D. NEAU3, M. DUPON3, H. FLEURY3, M. SAUX1, 2, Gecsa; 1HautLeveque Hosp., Pessac, France, 2V. Segalen Bordeaux 2 Univ., Bordeaux, France, 3Pellegrin Hosp., Bordeaux, France, 4Saint-Andr Hosp., Bordeaux, France. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring TDM ; in Patients Co-Infected with HIV and Hepatitis C HCV ; . J. C. SLISH1, A. M. REDLINSKI1, N. S. BOSTON1, L. M. CATANZARO1, C. B. HSIAO2, A. SULAIMAN2, G. D. MORSE1; 1Univ. at Buffalo Sch. of Pharmacy and Phamaceutical Sci., Buffalo, NY, 2Erie County Med. Ctr., Buffalo, NY. Persistence of Nevirapine NVP ; Concentrations in Breast Milk. C. J. BENNETTO1, G. M. ALDROVANDI2, J. R. KING1, K. WOODMAN1, N. ASHOURI2, E. P. ACOSTA1; 1 Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 2 Children's Hosp. of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA. Megestrol Acetate Nanocrystal Suspension NCS ; : Pharmacokinetics under Fed and Fasting Conditions. R. A. FEMIA; Par Pharmaceutical, Inc, Spring Valley, NY. MDR1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms SNPs ; in HIV-Infected Substance Users SU ; and Nonusers NU ; During Therapeutic Drug Monitoring TDM ; . Q. MA1, D. BRAZEAU1, B. ZINGMAN2, R. C. REICHMAN3, M. A. FISCHL4, B. GRIPSHOVER5, J. C. SLISH1, R. DIFRANCESCO1, A. FORREST1, G. D. MORSE1; 1Univ. at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, 2Montefiore Med. Ctr., Bronx, NY, 3Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 4Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL, 5Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. K-1913 Reduction in Catheter Related Blood Stream Infections with Ethanol Locks in Patients Receiving Chronic Home Parenteral Nutrition. J. K. SIEPLER, M. HESTER, R. NISHIKAWA, T. DIAMANTIDIS, R. OKAMOTO; Nutrishare, Inc, Elk Grove, CA, CA. Ralstonia Pickettii Infection of Port-a-Cath Systems in Immunocompromised Patients and Review of 38 Consecutive Cases of Ralstonia Pickettii Infections from a Single Centre. I. STELZMUELLER, S. WIESMAYR, M. ELLER, M. FILLE, H. ELLEMUNTER, C. LASSFLOERL, G. WEISS, M. SARCLETTI, H. BONATTI; Innsbruck Med. Univ., Innsbruck, Austria. Prospective Study of the Impact of Switching From an Open IV Infusion System to a Closed System on Rates of Central Venous Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infection in a Brazilian Hospital. R. SALOMAO1, M. MARETTI DA SILVA1, M. VILINS1, E. DA SILVA1, S. BLECHER1, V. D. ROSENTHAL2; 1Hosp. Santa Marcelina, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2 Med. Coll. of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Extra Length of Stay and Device-Associated Nosocomial Infection Rates in Intensive Care Units in nine Hospitals of Turkey. V. D. ROSENTHAL1, H. LEBLEBICIOGLU2, A. ZGLTEKIN3, . AKAN ARIKAN4, Y. CETINKAYA SARDAN5, I. KOKSAL6, A. NEVZAT YALCIN7, G. USLUER8, S. ULUSOY9, M. TULUNAY4, G. YILDIRIM5, K. AYDIN6, S. ESEN2, O. TURHAN7, I. OZGNES8, B. ARDA9, M. ORAL4, A. YILDIRIM5, R. CAYLAN6, F. ULGER2, S. UNAL5, S. KESKIN7, N. ERBEN8, F. BACAKOGLU9, N. UNAL4; 1Med. Coll. of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2Ondokuz Mayis Univ. Med. Sch., Samsun, Turkey, 3Haydarpasa Hosp., Istanbul, Turkey, 4Ankara Univ. Sch. of Med. Ibni Sina Hosp., Ankara, Turkey, 5Hacettepe Univ. Sch. of Med., Ankara, Turkey, 6Karadeniz Technical Univ. Sch. of Med., Trabzon, Turkey, 7Akdeniz Univ., Antalya, Turkey, 8Osmanganzi Univ., Eskisehir, Turkey, 9Ege Univ. Med. Faculty, Izmir, Turkey. The Attributable Cost of Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection in Intensive Care Unit in Milan, Italy: a Prospective, Matched Analysis. R. TARRICONE1, A. TORBICA1, F. FRANZETTI2, A. CORONA2, F. RAIMONDI2, F. MUSI1, V. D. ROSENTHAL3; 1Bocconi Univ., Milan, Italy, 2Sacco Hosp., Milan, Italy, 3Med. Coll. of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical Efficacy of Micafungin in Patients with Catheter Related Blood Steam Infection of Candida Parapsilosis. S. OKUGAWA1, 2, Y. OTA1, K. TATSUNO1, A. FUKUSHIMA1, S. YANAGIMOTO1, K. TSUKADA1, T. KITAZAWA1, Y. MISAWA2, K. KOIKE1, 2; 1Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Univ. of Tokyo Hosp., Tokyo, Japan. Extra Length of Stay and Device-Associated Nosocomial Infection Rates in Intensive Care Units in one Hospital of Morocco. R. ABOUQAL1, N. MADANI1, A. ALI ZEGGWAGH1, V. D. ROSENTHAL2; 1Ibn Sina Hosp., Rabat, Morocco, 2 Med. Coll. of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Extra Length of Stay and Device-Associated Nosocomial Infection Rates in Intensive Care Units in Three Hospitals of India. Y. MEHTA1, N. SEN2, M. CHAKRAVARTHY3, V. D. ROSENTHAL4, R. NAIR1, M. PAWAR1, N. TREHAN1, J. PRAKASH RAJ2, V. JAWALI3, N. VENKATACHALAM3; 1 Escorts Heart Inst. & Res. Ctr., New Delhi, India, 2Christian Med. Coll., Vellore, India, 3Wockhardt Hosp. & Heart Inst., Bangalore, India, 4Med. Coll. of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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A group of 13 infants with very stable fetal heart rates throughout labor were compared to a group of 11 infants with stable heart rates early in labor but who later developed bradycardia when contractions occurred late in labor. Blood taken from the umbilical veins of the two groups demonstrated no significant differences in oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, pH values, or in lactate or pyruvate levels. The only detectable difference between the two groups was that of a mild respiratory and metabolic acidosis detected in the umbilical arterial blood of those infants who demonstrated bradycardia late in labor and rogaine.
1. 2. 3. Acosta EP, Kakuda TN, Brundage RC, Anderson PL, Fletcher CV. Pharmacodynamics of HIV type 1 protease inhibitors. Clin Infect Dis 2000, Suppl 2: S151-9. : amedeo lit ?id 10860900 Back D, Gatti G, Fletcher C, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV infection: current status and future directions. AIDS 2002, Suppl 1: S5-37. Review. : amedeo lit ?id 12035820 Buchacz K, Patel P, Taylor M, et al. Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections. AIDS 2004, 18: 2075-2079. : amedeo lit ?id 15577629 Burger DM, Aarnoutse RE, Hugen PW. Pros and cons of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral agents. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2002, 15: 17-22. : amedeo lit ?id 11964901 Clevenbergh P, Mouly S, Sellier P, et al. Improving HIV infection management using antiretroviral plasma drug levels monitoring: a clinician's point of view. Curr HIV Res 2004, 2: 309-21. : amedeo lit ?id 15544452 Coste J, Montes B, Reynes J, et al. Comparative evaluation of three assays for the quantitation of HIV type 1 RNA in plasma. J Med Virol 1996, 50: 293-302. : amedeo lit ?id 8950685 Demeter LM, Hughes MD, Coombs RW, et al. Predictors of virologic and clinical outcomes in HIV-1infected patients receiving concurrent treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. ACTG Protocol 320. Ann Intern Med 2001, 135: 954-64. : amedeo lit ?id 11730396 Dieleman JP, Gyssens IC, van der Ende ME, de Marie S, Burger DM. Urological complaints in relation to indinavir plasma concentrations in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 1999, 13: 473-8. : amedeo lit ?id 10197375 Durant J, Clevenbergh P, Garraffo R, et al. Importance of protease inhibitor plasma levels in HIVinfected patients treated with genotypic-guided therapy: pharmacological data from the Viradapt Study. AIDS 2000, 14: 1333-9. : amedeo lit ?id 10930147 Farber CM, Barath AA, Dieye T. The effects of immunization in HIV type 1 infection. N Engl J Med 1996, 335: 817; discussion 818-9. Gatti G, Di Biagio A, Casazza R, et al. The relationship between ritonavir plasma levels and sideeffects: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. AIDS 1999, 13: 2083-9. : amedeo lit ?id 10546861 Ghani AC, de Wolf F, Ferguson NM, et al. Surrogate markers for disease progression in treated HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 28: 226-31. Abstract: : amedeo lit ?id 11694828 Goletti D, Weissman D, Jackson RW, et al. Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on HIV replication. Role of immune activation. J Immunol 1996, 157: 1271-8. : amedeo lit ?id 8757635 Gonzalez de Requena D, Nunez M, Jimenez-Nacher I, Soriano V. Liver toxicity caused by nevirapine. AIDS 2002, 16: 290-1. : amedeo lit ?id 11807315 Gorochov G, Neumann AU, Kereveur A, et al. Perturbation of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell repertoires during progression to AIDS and regulation of the CD4 + repertoire during antiviral therapy. Nat Med 1998, 4: 215-21. : amedeo lit ?id 9461196 Grabar S, Kousignian I, Sobel A, et al. Immunologic and clinical responses to highly active antiretroviral therapy over 50 years of age. Results from the French Hospital Database on HIV. AIDS 2004, 18: 2029-2038. : amedeo lit ?id 1557762 Ho DD, Neumann AU, Perelson AS, et al. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 1995, 373: 123-6. : amedeo lit ?id 7816094 Hoover DR. Would confirmatory retesting of CD4 + cells to verify AIDS status be too expensive? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993, 6: 537-9. Hughes MD, Johnson VA, Hirsch MS, et al. Monitoring plasma HIV-1 RNA levels in addition to CD4 + lymphocyte count improves assessment of antiretroviral therapeutic response. ACTG 241 Protocol Virology Substudy Team. Ann Intern Med 1997; 126: 929-38. : amedeo lit ?id 9182469 and ritonavir.
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3.5Mhz ; and a recent version of the corneometer, CM 825, designed to measure the capacitance at high frequency 1.0 Mhz ; . Calibration of the capacitance instrument is now possible using filter paper impregnated with a moiturising aqueous solution and with solvents of different dialectic constant. The detection depth of the probe can be evaluated when covering the moistened filter paper with plastic foil of variable thickness. The accuracy, sensivity and reproducibility of the measuring capabilities of both instruments were compared in vivo on subjects with a wide range of hydration state of the horny layer. P.M. Clarys, A.O. Barel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, The Influence of a Single Topical Corticosteroid Application on the Hydration State of the Stratum corneum. Skin Research and Technology, Vol.2, No.4, Nov 1996. The impact of vehicle properties on stratum corneum hydration and bioavailability of active substances is well known. As demonstrated by the reports on side effects after prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroids, the active substance may equally effect the integrity of the stratum corneum. Few studies evaluate the short term effects of topically applied corticosteroids. In our experiment, we evaluated the influence of a single topical corticosteroid application on the stratum corneum hydration. Two different corticosteroid molecules were tested as well as the influence of the applied quantity, the time, the corticosteroid concentration and the influence of a moisturiser urea ; . One of the tested corticosteroid caused drying of the skin while the other did not. The addition of urea caused an increase of stratum corneum hydration. P.M. Clarys, A.O. Barel, Sebumetry: A comparison between Lipid Collection Techniques. Skin Research and Technology, Vol.2, No.4, Nov.1996 Recently, several methods have been developed for the collection of skin surface lipids. We compared 3 of those measurement techniques: the Sebutape, the Sebufix, and the Sebumeter. Lipid sampling with the Sebufix and with the Sebumeter takes only 30 seconds while lipid sampling with the Sebutape takes 1 hour. As demonstrated by several authors application of a film on the skin surface may interfere with several skin properties such as skin temperature, skin hydration, and skin surface water loss. Our experimental set was designed in order to make a comparison between the 3 measurement techniquesand in order to evaluate the effect of Sebutape application on the above skin parameters. Comparison of the lipid quantification with the 3 techniques delivered a good correlation. The Sebutape seems to have no or only a minor influence on skin temperature and TEWL. The hydration state of the statum corneum increased significantly during the Sebutape application. J. Effendy, H. Loeffler, and R. Happle Dept. of Dermatology, University of Marburg, Germany. Experiences with Patch Testing with Sodium Laurel Sulphate as a Tool PredictingHuman Skin Susceptibility. Skin Research and Technology, Vol.2, No.4, Nov 1996. Compared with the alkali resistance test ART ; , a widely used method employing sodium hydroxide, a 24h patch testing with 0.5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulphate SLS ; has been tested for predictng human skin susceptibility to an irritant. Forty patients age range from 20 to 60 ; with an active irritant contact dermatitis ICD ; , 40 patients in whom ICD had cleared, as well as 40 healthy volunteers serving as controls were tested. Skin responses to SLS were assessed both visually and by the measurement of transepidermal water loss TEWL ; as an indicator of stratum corneum integrity. A significant increase in erythema scores and TEWL has been induced by SLS, and the increase in TEWL was even more pominent in patients with active ICD. On the other hand, a decrease in alkali resistance was only found in patients with active ICD, but not in patients with healed ICD. This study suggests that the SLS test, unlike ART, may provide a non-invasive tool predicting a possible consitutional skin susceptibility or indicating a subclinically impaired skin barrier function. E.J. Fendler, et al, Automated Techniques for Determination and Analysis fo TEWL Data. Skin Research and Technology, Vol.2, No.4, Nov 1996. Transepidermal water loss TEWL ; measurement is an extremely useful technique for the assessment of the skin barrier function. Although many publications in the bioengineering field report TEWL data, few have defined TEWL steady state stabilisation time ; conditions and rozerem.
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