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More common side-effects include: nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal pain headaches or slight dizziness rash urine may turn slightly orange rare side-effects include: sensitivity to the sun liver – sulfasalazine may irritate the liver.
1. Kane JM. Extrapyramidal side effects are unacceptable. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2001; 11 suppl 4 ; : S397S403 2. Markowitz JS, Brown CS, Moore TR. Atypical antipsychotics, pt 1: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Ann Pharmacother 1999; 33: 7385 Seeman P. Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry 2002; 47: 2738 Goldstein JM. The new generation of antipsychotic drugs: how atypical are they? Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 3: 339349 Beng-Choon H, Black D, Andreasen NC. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In: Hales R, Yudofsky S, eds. Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc; 2003: 379438 6. Reynolds GP. What is an atypical antipsychotic? J Psychopharmacol 1997; 11: 195199 Compton MT, Miller AH. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and sexual dysfunction. Psychopharmacol Bull 2002; 36: 143164 Kapur S, Zipursky RB, Remington G. Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 286293 Kapur S, Zipursky R, Jones C, et al. Relationship between dopamine D 2 ; occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia. J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 514520 Abilify aripiprazole ; . Full Prescribing Information. Princeton, NJ: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2005 11. Geodon ziprasidone ; . Full Prescribing Information. New York, NY: Pfizer Inc; 2005 12. Bymaster FP, Calligaro DO, Falcone JF, et al. Radioreceptor binding profile of the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996; 14: 8797 Goldstein J. Preclinical profile of Seroquel quetiapine ; : an atypical antipsychotic with clozapine-like pharmacology. In: Holliday SG, Ancill RJ, MacEwen GW, eds. Schizophrenia: Breaking Down the Barriers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Ltd; 1996: 177208 14. Tandon R. Safety and tolerability: how do newer generation "atypical" antipsychotics compare? Psychiatr Q 2002; 73: 297311 Correll CU, Leucht S, Kane JM. Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of 1-year studies. J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 414425 Clozaril clozapine ; . Full Prescribing Information. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; 2003 17. Risperdal risperidone ; . Full Prescribing Information. Titusville, NJ: Janssen Pharmaceutica; 2005 18. Seroquel quetiapine fumarate ; . Full Prescribing Information. Wilmington, Del: AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP; 2004 19. Zyprexa olanzapine ; . Full Prescribing Information. Indianapolis, Ind: Eli Lilly and Company; 2005 20. Brodaty H, Ames D, Snowdon J, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of risperidone for the treatment of aggression, agitation, and psychosis of dementia. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 134143 Iqbal MM, Rahman A, Husain Z, et al. Clozapine: a clinical review of adverse effects and management. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2003; 15: 3348 Chen RY, Chen E, Ho WY. A five-year longitudinal study of the regional cerebral metabolic changes of a schizophrenic patient from the first episode using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 250: 6972 Potkin SG, Alva G, Fleming K, et al. A PET study of the pathophysiol.
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P. Fadda et al. Neuropharmacology 47 2004 ; 11701179 Evans, A.T., Formukong, E., Evans, F.J., 1987. Actions of cannabis constituents on enzymes of arachidonate metabolism: anti-inflammatory potential. Biochem. Pharmacol. 36, 20352037. Fletcher, J.M., Page, J.B., Francis, D.J., Copeland, K., Naus, M.J., Davis, C.M., Morris, R., Krausskopf, D., Satz, P., 1996. Cognitive correlates of long-term cannabis use in Costa Rican men. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 53, 10511057. Guimaraes, F.S., Chiaretti, T.M., Graeff, F.G., Guardi, A.W., 1990. ~ Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze. Psychopharmacology 100, 558559. Hampson, A.J., Grimaldi, M., Axelrod, J., Wink, D., 1998. Cannabidiol and D9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 82688273. Hampson, R.E., Deadwyler, S.A., 1998. Role of the cannabinoid receptors in memory storage. Neurobiol. Dis. 5, 474482. Hampson, R.E., Deadwyler, S.A., 1999. Cannabinoids, hippocampal function and memory. Life Sci. 65, 715723. Hampson, R.E., Deadwyler, S.A., 2000. Cannabinoids reveal the necessity of hippocampal neural encoding for short-term memory in rats. J. Neurosci. 20, 89328942. Hart, C.L., Ward, A.S., Haney, M., Comer, S.D., Foltin, R.W., Fischman, M.W., 2002. Comparison of smoked marijuana and oral D9-tetrahydrocannabinol in humans. Psychopharmacology 164, 407415. Hernandez-Tristan, R., Arevalo, C., Canals, S., Leret, M.L., 2000. The effects of acute treatment with D9-THC on exploratory behaviour and memory in the rat. J. Physiol. Biochem. 56, 1724. Heyser, C.J., Hampson, R.E., Deadwyler, S.A., 1993. Effects of D9tetrahydrocannabinol on delayed match to sample performance in rats: alterations in short-term memory associated with changes in task specific firing of hippocampal cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 264, 294307. Izquierdo, I., Nasello, A.G., 1973. Effects of cannabidiol and diphenylhydantoin on the hippocampus and learning. Psychopharmacologia 31, 167175. Jacobsson, S.O.P., Rongard, E., Stridh, M., Tiger, G., Fowler, C.J., 2000. Serum-dependent effects of tamoxifen and cannabinoids upon C6 glioma cell viability. Biochem. Pharmacol. 60, 18071813. Jentsch, J.D., Andrusiak, E., Tran, A., Bowers, M.B., Roth, R.H., 1997. D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol increases prefrontal cortical catecholaminergic utilization and impairs spatial working memory in the rat: blockade of dopaminergic effects by HA966. Neuropsychopharmacology 16, 426432. Karler, R., Turkanis, S.A., 1981. The cannabinoids as potential antiepiletiptics. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 21, 437S448S. Karniol, I.G., Carlini, E.A., 1973. Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and D9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacologia 33, 5370. Lichtman, A.H., Dimen, K.R., Martin, B.R., 1995. Systemic or intrahippocampal cannabinoid administration impairs spatial memory in rats. Psychopharmacology 119, 282290. Lichtman, A.H., Martin, B.R., 1996. D9-Tetrahydrocannabinol impairs spatial memory through cannabinoid receptor mechanism. Psychopharmacology 126, 125131. Lichtman, A.H., 2000. SR141716A enhances spatial memory as assessed in a radial-arm maze task in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 404, 175179. Lindner, M.D., 1997. Reliability, distribution, and validity of agerelated cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 68, 203220. Mallet, P.E., Beninger, R.J., 1996. The endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist anandamide impairs memory in rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 7, 276284. Mallet, P.E., Beninger, R.J., 1998. The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A attenuates the memory impairment produced by D9-tetrahydrocannabinol or anandamide. Psychopharmacology 140, 1119.
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EXPERIMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES 147 For treatment INDs, however, manufacturers are permitted to charge patients for the cost of the drug, but they are not permitted to make a profit. Insurers vary in their willingness to pay for treatment INDs. Medicare considers them to be experimental and so covers neither the cost of the drug nor the associated costs of care, with the exception of Group C cancer drugs, which are treatment INDs sponsored by the National Cancer Institute NCI ; . Group C drugs are paid for by the NCI, and Medicare covers the cost of care surrounding their use. The Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services CHAMPUS ; does not cover the cost of the treatment INDs themselves but does cover the related medical care "when the patient's condition warrants their administration and the care is provided in accordance with generally accepted standards of medical prac8 tice." Blue Shield of Northern California, by contrast, covers the use of 9 treatment INDs both the drugs and the associated treatment costs ; . Off-label uses of approved drugs. The FDA permits an approved drug to be marketed only for its approved indications. Once a drug is approved for one indication, however, physicians can legally prescribe the drug for other indications as well. For various reasons, a manufacturer may decide not to seek FDA approval for the additional indications, even though it cannot promote the drug for such off-label use. Of the accepted indications listed in a major drug compendium published by the United States Pharma10 copoeia, approximately 20 percent are not approved by the FDA. Off-la11 bel use is especially common in treatment of cancer. Insurers vary in their policies regarding payment for off-label uses of drugs. A 1992 U.S. General Accounting Office GAO ; study found that a majority of oncologists had been denied reimbursement for an off-label use, 12 and that oncologists believed that the rate of such denials was increasing. In response to perceived difficulties in obtaining coverage for "accepted off-label drug uses, seventeen states have passed legislation that requires 13 private insurers to cover indications included in three major compendia. These drug compendia are a compilation of published evidence and expert opinion regarding the benefits of particular drugs that the compendium considers of proven value, whether or not the FDA has formally approved the drug for a given use. A federal law passed in 1990 cites these compendia as a standard reference for Medicaid reimbursement. Medicare coverage for care associated with off-label uses had been largely at the carriers' discretion in the past, but since 1994 Medicare has been required to cover the use of FDA-approved drugs for indications listed in any of the three compendia or for any indication supported by the peer-reviewed literature. Devices. The FDA divides medical devices into those that pose "signifi14 cant risk to patients and those that do not. Any manufacturer of a device that is determined to pose a significant risk to health must be granted.
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The largest native birds in North America will be returning to Oregon after a 97-year absence. On 19 October, Secretary of the Interior Gale Norton announced that the Oregon Zoo has been accepted as a member of the USFWS California Condor Recovery Program and will build the nation's fourth condor breeding facility. Three other breeding facilities have been established at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, the Los Angeles Zoo and the World Center for Birds of Prey in Boise, Idaho. Plans are for the Oregon Zoo to receive six young condors as early as the summer of 2002. The Metro Council in Oregon has set aside space in its 500-acre Clear Creek Canyon property to launch the Oregon Zoo's newest conservation program. A facility that will hold up to 16 breeding pairs of condors by the fall of 2003 will be built on this Metro open space, in a secluded site off zoo grounds where there is minimal noise and no close public contact. The property also offers a diverse wildlife population, a From left: Cathy Wright forest, wooded canyon walls and with Andean condor "Andy, " streamside riparian areas. Gale Norton, Senator Gordon Smith, The first set of 16 eggs each year will David Bragdon, be sent to one of the existing breeding Mike Burton facilities for rearing. The second set of eggs will be parent-reared in Oregon. The recovery objectives of the California Condor Recovery Team, an advisory group to the USFWS, are to maintain a captive flock of at least 150 birds across several holding facilities, and to release captive-bred condors to establish two separate, free-flying wild populations of 150 birds each. There are currently 126 captive and 57 free-flying birds. The last wild Oregon condors were seen in 1904. Biologists surmise that the condors didn't disappear from Oregon because of lack of habitat, but rather because they were easy prey for humans. In 1987, the last 17 condors in California were pulled from the wild, and the California Condor Species Survival Plan SSP ; was established in a desperate attempt to save the species. The first release of condors back to the wild occurred on 14 January 1992. Oregon Zoo officials hope to bring young condors that have not yet reached breeding age to Oregon next summer. Three or four pairs of breeding condors may arrive by next fall, and could produce eggs the following year.
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Suggested population numbers who might be eligible for prophylaxis of influenza with oseltamivir. Population National Figure for the UK per 60 million ; per 100, 000 population Cost 100, 000 popln based on 16.00 one week course and sulfinpyrazone.
With intravenous injections of vehicle MCAO ; or sulfasalazine + SUL ; at the beginning of ischemic injury. The volume of the infarction was analyzed 24 hr later after staining brain slices with TTC, mean S.E.M. n 7 8.
See Figure 2-9 on page 2-7. The GBIC is keyed and can only go in one way. Be sure that the GBIC locks into place and sulindac.
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| Sulfasalazine overdoseCan be diverse. Also, although animal lectins can show a high degree of specificity for recognizing glycan structures, their single site-binding affinities are typically low. Thus, functional avidity is often attained by multivalency of CRDs, either within the protein or via clustering in biological systems e.g., at cell surfaces ; . In contrast, SGAGbinding proteins are a heterogeneous collection of gene products that are hard to classify into families evolved from common ancestors Mulloy and Linhardt, 2001; Esko and Selleck, 2002 ; . Rather, the ability to recognize SGAGs their defining feature ; emerged by convergent evolution, in which patches of cationic amino acids on unrelated proteins attained the ability to recognize anionic structural motifs within extended SGAG chains, sometimes with relatively high affinity. With few exceptions though, it is rare to find a single uniquely modified SGAG sequence exclusively recognized by a specific SGAG-binding protein. More typically, there is a continuum of increasing affinities. Historical background, definition and nomenclature of I-type lectins and Siglecs The immunoglobulin superfamily IgSF ; is a diverse and evolutionarily ancient protein group whose appearance predated the emergence of antibodies immunoglobulins ; Chothia and Jones, 1997 ; . IgSF members are involved in homotypic and heterotypic protein : protein interactions mediating various biological functions Williams and Barclay, 1988; Edelman and Crossin, 1991; Chothia and Jones, 1997 ; . Until the 1990s, it was assumed that IgSF members other than some antibodies ; did not mediate glycanprotein interactions. However, indirect evidence had been presented for glycan recognition by certain IgSF members, such as neural cell adhesion molecule Kadmon et al., 1990; Horstkorte et al., 1993 ; , P0 Filbin and Tennekoon, 1991 ; , and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 Rosenstein et al., 1991; McCourt et al., 1994 ; . The first direct evidence emerged from independent work on sialoadhesin Sn, expressed on macrophage subsets ; and on CD22 found on matureresting B cells ; . Experimental removal of cell surface sialic acids Sias ; with sialidases was often used to enhance cell cell interactions by reducing negative charge repulsion. In contrast, cellcell interactions mediated by both Sn Crocker and Gordon, 1989 ; and CD22 Stamenkovic et al., 1991 ; were abolished by sialidase treatment, suggesting that Sias were ligands for these proteins. Purified Sn was then shown to recognize certain glycolipids and glycoproteins in a Sia-dependent manner Crocker et al., 1991 ; . Meanwhile, CD22 had been cloned by others Wilson et al., 1991; 1R
Operating company contribution operating income before amortization of trademarks and goodwill, impairment charges, former headquarters close-down costs, and initial up-front tobacco-settlement charges, and exclusive of certain other adjustments. 2 ; Cash net income net income plus amortization of trademarks and goodwill, net of tax. 3 ; Following its June 1999 spin-off as a publicly traded company, RJR paid one quarterly dividend in 1999, followed by four consecutive dividends in 2000. These financial highlights should be read in conjunction with the full financial statements presented in the company's Annual Report on Form 10-K and surmontil.
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Subconfluent 60% to 80% confluent ; endothelial cells were infected with adenoviruses to overexpress constitutively active AMPK, 8, 20 dominant-negative AMPK mutation of Lys45 to Arg ; , 21 wild-type eNOS, or an inactive eNOS mutant Y657E ; , as described.22.
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Volume 24 1970 Yearbook now available Basel, 1970 Individual volumes are available. ; Administered through .00
Panyakhamlerd K., Journal of the Medical 2 Chotnopparatpattara P., Association of Thailand Taechakraichana N., Kukulprasong A., Chaikittisilpa S and symmetrel.
6. Woodard S, Nadella PC, Kotur L, Wilson J, Burak WE, Shapiro CL. Older women with breast carcinoma are less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy: evidence of possible age bias? Cancer 2003; 98: 11419. Alibhai SM, Krahn MD, Cohen MM, Fleshner NE, Tomlinson GA, Naglie G. Is there age bias in the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma? Cancer 2004; 100: 7281. Gurwitz JH, Osganian V, Goldberg RJ, Chen ZY, Gore JM, Alpert JS. Diagnostic testing in acute myocardial infarction: does patient age influence utilization patterns? J Epidemol 1991; 134: 94857. Yarzebski J, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, Alpert JS. Temporal trends and factors associated with pulmonary artery catheterization in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 1994; 105: 10038. O'Dell JR, Haire CE, Erikson N et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate alone, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of all three medications. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 128791. Hollen PJ, Gralla RJ, Kris MG, McCoy S, Donaldson GW, Moinpour CM. A comparison of visual analogue and numerical rating scale formats for the Lung Cancer Symptom Scale LCSS ; : does format affect patient ratings of symptoms and quality of life? Qual Life Res 2005; 14: 83747. Cush JJ. Biological drug: US perspectives on indications and monitoring. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: iv1823. 13. Rupp DE, Vodanocih SJ, Crede M. The multidimensional nature of ageism: construct validity and group differences. J Soc Psychol 2005; 145: 33562. Gruppen LD, Wolf FM, Van Voorhees C, S JK. The influence of general and case-related experience on primary care treatment decision making. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 265763. Yazici Y, Erkan D, Paget SA. Monitoring by rheumatologists for methotrexate, etanercept, infliximab, and anakinra-associated adverse effects. Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 276972. Wolfe F, Albert DA, Pincus T. A survey of United States rheumatologists concerning effectiveness of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs and prednisone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1998; 11: 37581. Blum M, Slade M, Boden D, Cabin H, Caulin-Glaser T. Examination of gender bias in the evaluation and treatment of angina pectoris by cardiologists. J Cardiol 2004; 93: 7657. Lauer M, Pashkow F, Snader C, Harvey S, Thomas J, Marwick T. Gender and referral for coronary angiography after treadmill thallium testing. J Cardiol 1996; 78: 27883. Witt JD. Age bias and choice of intervention for treatment of avascular necrosis. J Bone Jt Surg 2000; 82-A 12 ; : 18056. 20. Williams D, Bennett K, Feely J. Evidence for an age and gender bias in the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 55: 6048. Madan AK, Aliabadi-Wahle S, Beech DJ. Age bias: a cause of underutilization of breast conservation treatment. J Cancer Educ 2001; 16: 2932. Madan AK, Aliabadi-Wahle S, Beech DJ. Ageism in medical students' treatment recommendations: the example of breastconserving procedures. Acad Med 2001; 76: 2824. Plaisier BR, Blostein PA, Hurt KJ, Malangoni MA. Withholding withdrawal of life support in trauma patients: is there an age bias? Surgeon 2002; 68: 15962. Rybarczyk B, Haut A, Lacey RF, Fogg LF, Nicholas JJ. A multifactorial study of age bias among rehabilitation professionals. Arch Phys Med Rehab 2001; 82: 62532.
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Cities or provinces, Finland, India, Israel, Rio de Janeiro, Sweden and SingapofeT ; A month earlier, Encinitas, California adopted an ordinance that prohibits all exhibitions, circuses, rides, or trade shows featuring nondomestic animals such as elephants, giraffes, ostriches, and emus. I wonder if there exists anywhere in New Jersey a community with a governing body that has the conipas and synagis.
Mediator's letter of April 10, 2003 confirmed this.2 FACTS [3] Ms. McKee had been in generally good health until a work accident in 1994.3 After that and sulfasalazine.
A multiple-electrode grid, composed of 56 bipolar electrodes spaced 6 mm apart and aligned in a plaque of 10 rows by six columns, was fixed on the right ventricle. The plaque was sewn to the right ventricular surface with the long axis parallel and adjacent to the left anterior descending coronary artery. Each signal was filtered with a band-pass of 30 to 400 Hz, digitized with 12-bit resolution and a 1-kHz sampling rate, and transmitted via duplex fiberoptic cables into a microcomputer model 286, Compaq Computer ; . Software routines were used to amplify, display, and analyze each electrogram signal as well as to generate maps showing activation times at each electrode site. Each electrogram was analyzed by computer-determined peak-amplitude criteria and reviewed manually to exclude low-amplitude signals with indiscrete electrograms. The accuracy of activation time measurements was 0.5 millisecond. The data were downloaded on high-density 1.2 Mbyte ; diskettes for subsequent off-line analysis. Activation maps for each test activation were recorded with an IBM inkjet printer. Hardware and software for the mapping systems were obtained from Biomedical Instrumentation Inc Markham ; . Conduction time was calculated as the time elapsed between activation at the site adjacent to the stimulating electrode and activation at the last epicardial site activated. Conduction velocity was calculated from the time required for activation to travel 1.2 cm the distance between three consecutive bipolar electrodes ; in the direction parallel to fiber orientation. Constancy of the activation pattern was evaluated by observation of isochronal activation qualitative ; and, subsequently, by and synvisc.
Bruce G. Horowitz, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Permanente Medical Group 900 Kiely Boulevard Santa Clara, California 95051.
Localization of iNOS and COX-2 in rat cervical tissue utilizing immunohistochemical staining Standard IHS procedures were conducted. Sections were deparaffinized in xylene EM and tace.
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